Ep. 29 Serving Arkansas Agriculture Through the Land Grant Mission with Dr. Lanier Nalley

00;00;07;06 – 00;00;31;04
Riley Smith
And I think where you get on that. But. All right. Are you ready? Yeah. All right, let’s get started. Well good morning. Good morning. Welcome to another episode of Morning Coffee and Ag Markets with your host, Riley Smith. And today we have a very special guest. We have Doctor Nalley with us. He is the new head of department at the University of Arkansas for the AG Business and AG Economic Department.

00;00;31;05 – 00;00;32;06
Riley Smith
How are you today?

00;00;32;09 – 00;00;33;24
Dr. Nalley
I’m well. Thanks for having me.

00;00;33;28 – 00;00;40;20
Riley Smith
Yeah, it’s long time. No see. We, saw you a couple what a couple weeks ago. You were at the state office, and.

00;00;40;20 – 00;00;41;06
Dr. Nalley
Yes.

00;00;41;08 – 00;00;53;24
Dr. Nalley
Yes, I tried to get down there as much as I can. It’s my teaching semester, so travel is limited, but, I know how important that is. Both to me and stakeholders. So I try to get to the Delta in Little Rock as much as I can.

00;00;53;26 – 00;01;04;26
Riley Smith
If you want to just real briefly go into introduction yourself, current job position, education, hit job history and anything else you’d like to add?

00;01;04;28 – 00;01;33;13
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. So I am, graduate of the Ohio State University for my undergrad, where I majored in agricultural economics, and I had minors in Eastern European history and in, development economics. And then I went on to Mississippi State, get my master’s degree in ag econ, and ultimately got my PhD at Kansas State in ag econ and came to Arkansas and didn’t really know what my research agenda should be.

00;01;33;13 – 00;01;56;29
Dr. Nalley
And, started working on rice 18 years ago, and I’m still working on rice today. And I’ve absolutely loved, working on rice and specifically helping producers in the state of Arkansas. So my job, I started as assistant professor, went to associate in to fall. And then last year, I became the, the head of the Department of Agricultural economics.

00;01;56;29 – 00;02;05;02
Dr. Nalley
And I’m also the director of the Ed and Michelle Fryer Price Risk Management Center of Excellence, which I’m very excited about.

00;02;05;05 – 00;02;23;12
Riley Smith
Yeah, we do, a lot of it. If the, if our listeners don’t know, we actually do a lot Fryar Risk Center. Doctor McKenzie over there. Doctor Nalley. We’ve started posting well we’ve been from the get go, but we post to the Fryar Risk Center, and I’m pretty sure I’ve mentioned that before, but y’all need to go check that out.

00;02;23;15 – 00;02;35;05
Riley Smith
Doctor McKenzie. Doctor. Nalley they post a lot of interesting good stuff on there about, markets, commodity markets specifically. And, and I think doctor Mitchell post some stuff there too, doesn’t he.

00;02;35;07 – 00;02;36;24
Dr. Nalley
That’s right. Yeah.

00;02;36;27 – 00;03;02;01
Riley Smith
So yeah, that’s something that everybody needs to go check out. And you can look at that at Fryar Risk Center. Uh.com I think or.edu I’ve got it pulled up actually fryarriskcenter.uada.edu. So you know, go check that out. They have a podcast as well, as well as publications and reports. But back to what we were discussing.

00;03;02;03 – 00;03;18;18
Riley Smith
I want to ask you, so with this new position, I know that you moved from when I was in school, you were grad coordinator and professor. So you’re teaching along the side. Are you still teaching your, quantitative class?

00;03;18;20 – 00;03;23;05
Dr. Nalley
I still teach quantitative economics, and I’m still grad coordinator for one more semester, so.

00;03;23;05 – 00;03;25;04
Riley Smith
Holy smokes. So you got a full plate?

00;03;25;10 – 00;03;26;24
Dr. Nalley
That’s right.

00;03;26;27 – 00;03;38;09
Riley Smith
So in in this new position, can you like what was the transition? Like, what’s the what’s the major difference that you’ve felt in as far as the job position is shifted?

00;03;38;11 – 00;04;05;05
Dr. Nalley
Yeah, I think I went from working to enhance my research portfolio and, the livelihoods of stakeholders in Arkansas, specifically in rice, because that’s what I focused in to really trying to enhance the department’s research portfolio, their extension service. And that encompasses not just rice, but every commodity, and international trade. So I kind of stepped out of my comfort zone of rice.

00;04;05;05 – 00;04;22;03
Dr. Nalley
And then more of a, a team leader to make sure that we’re, we’re living up to the land grant mission of teaching and research and extension and ensuring that our faculty have the the resources and ability to to live up to that mission.

00;04;22;06 – 00;04;36;01
Riley Smith
You talking about extension? I know that you have extension experience. Pre-going into, professor career. Would you mind talking about that a little bit and how that affect your work career and life?

00;04;36;04 – 00;05;01;11
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. So when I first came to Arkansas, that time flies. I think it was 18 years ago. I had a three way split, and, those are difficult, you know, trying to be an expert in three things is very difficult. I had no extension experience, and I think I learned more from my 15% extension experience than I did in my entire PhD career.

00;05;01;14 – 00;05;23;24
Dr. Nalley
Because I was forced to go talk to producers. That’s how I initially saw it. I had to be forced to after about a year. I loved doing it because A. they were quick to point out what I was doing wrong, which I needed that feedback B. I found out issues that were pertinent to producers that oftentimes if you stay in your office, you don’t realize.

00;05;23;26 – 00;05;53;27
Dr. Nalley
And that helped me really focus my research career on what mattered to Arkansans and specifically producers in Arkansas. And so I absolutely loved it because I felt the tangential kind of connection with producers. And, you know, I think a theme of this talk will be proactive versus reactive research. And before I had an extension appointment, I was completely proactive, like I was trying to solve tomorrow’s problems before they happened.

00;05;53;27 – 00;06;27;15
Dr. Nalley
And an extension. You’ve got to be both proactive and reactive, right? So you’ve got to address the problems today as well as the problems tomorrow. And I think that extension appointment, although was 15% of my appointment, really was the North Star to my entire research career. Like understanding that what you do in Fayetteville can have massive impacts on producers throughout the state, and it really grounded me in my my entire research career still does today, although I do have a formal extension appointment as department head.

00;06;27;18 – 00;06;38;26
Dr. Nalley
That initial extension appointment really was the pivotal point in my career, of going for which what I think is impactful research. I hope others do as well.

00;06;38;29 – 00;07;05;13
Riley Smith
Right. And then what I did in I kind of want your intake on this. So when I was up there and Lynn, you were talking about as you were talking about how much of an impact Fayetteville had on producers as far as research goes, you know, you don’t know really, me growing up in a row crop environment, how much these guys really depend on how much research is being done up there for the next year.

00;07;05;14 – 00;07;26;14
Riley Smith
So that proactive state so that, I’ve noticed a lot of proactive ness come out of Fayetteville with producers down here, like what the university’s doing. Hey, what’s the university doing? Because it all dictates what they do for the next year. And and a strategic plan.

00;07;26;17 – 00;07;48;14
Dr. Nalley
That’s right. I just I think having that find balance, I need to plan for problems tomorrow but address problems today. I think if the faculty gets out of whack on that, nobody is served properly. And so, as department head, I really try to emphasize that we have to address the problems of today because that’s where pain, the pain points that producers feel.

00;07;48;14 – 00;08;01;21
Dr. Nalley
But we also have to be proactive about problems that producers might face tomorrow or next year. And if you go all in on one and none on the other, you’re not serving stakeholders, very well at all.

00;08;01;26 – 00;08;07;20
Riley Smith
Yeah. You have to be a, problem solver today and idealist tomorrow.

00;08;07;24 – 00;08;31;22
Dr. Nalley
Yeah, yeah. And that’s not easy to do, but, if you want to be a effective faculty member at ag econ, you have to have that mentality and that as department head, that’s what I’m really trying to stress to our faculty is that, you know, and some faculty are better at proactive research and some faculty are better at reactive, but they have to work together to solve today’s problems and tomorrow’s issues.

00;08;31;24 – 00;08;39;21
Riley Smith
So that kind of rolls into my next question. I know you’re really big about this, but the three legged stool, would you would you mind talking about that?

00;08;39;23 – 00;09;02;27
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. I, I think I think most of the listeners will understand what a land grant university is. And their mission is, is teaching research and extension. And and for me, regardless, most of our faculty do not have extension appointments. But, as department head, I tell them all of them have an extension appointment and that all of their research is applicable to producers.

00;09;02;27 – 00;09;39;12
Dr. Nalley
And just because you don’t have a formal extension appointment doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be disseminating that research. Both proactive and reactive to producers. And I just harken back to when I was a professor that that going and talking to producers and finding out what the problems are today like that is so important for an effective research career, not just for, the metrics of, of impacting stakeholders, but it’s as well as publishing journals like relevant information, and problems that producers provide to us makes excellent journal articles.

00;09;39;12 – 00;10;00;24
Dr. Nalley
And then it also serves our stakeholders. So I think the teaching, research and extension like there I always think that there we call it a three legged stool, but it’s really one leg. Like if one of those legs is missing, that stool doesn’t stand up. And you know, teaching, Riley, as I’m sure you know, an extension like you are a teacher, right?

00;10;00;26 – 00;10;18;22
Dr. Nalley
Like you’re teaching based on the research you do, but you’re also learning. And so for me, I really try to stress to my faculty that, like, if, if we’re deficient in one of those three legs, that stool doesn’t stand up. And we have to be strong as a faculty in all three aspects of the land grant mission.

00;10;18;24 – 00;10;31;28
Riley Smith
I always tell everybody we’re the middleman, where the the guys that have to absorb the information, learn from it. But we also have to break it down and therefore create the new idea tomorrow.

00;10;32;01 – 00;10;54;24
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. It’s interesting. It is tough. I mean, going to talk to producers about research is so much more difficult than going to an academic conference and presenting research because these people, they rely on this information for a livelihood. So if you’re wrong, there are big implications for that. So you, Riley, as I’m sure you know, you can’t just shoot from the hip at an extension talk.

00;10;54;24 – 00;11;07;03
Dr. Nalley
You have to know what you’re talking about. You have to be able to be criticized, and you have to turn that criticism into research the next day. Right. And that feedback loop is really, really important.

00;11;07;06 – 00;11;27;01
Riley Smith
And I, I haven’t got to be a part of county meetings yet. I’m going to get my first taste this time round. But I’ve been to enough, to listen. And they always start. You always start with the information that you have and. Okay, this is what I’m presenting on. This is the problem that you had or this is what’s going on now.

00;11;27;03 – 00;11;53;19
Riley Smith
What is your problem right now? And then they take that in. So it’s always we’re giving you information but we’re taking it for an information. And at the end to go ahead and okay we need to research this or we need a this is what we need or we need to create a tool for this or whatever. But that’s is there anything else that you have as like more specifically, what is your,

00;11;53;22 – 00;12;05;23
Riley Smith
So what is your vision for integrating these three legs? I guess you’ve already answered that. Was your work as a faculty member at the University?

00;12;05;25 – 00;12;26;16
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. I mean, I just think for me, just instilling into every faculty member, regardless of what their appointment is, they they have to serve all three missions of the land grant university. Right. So although you might not have a formal extension appointment, I’m expecting you to turn your research into something that stakeholders in the state of Arkansas can utilize.

00;12;26;17 – 00;12;33;24
Riley Smith
So do you make, not make, do you push your faculty members to talk to producers? All of them.

00;12;33;27 – 00;12;56;26
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. And so we have a lot of people that don’t have formal extension appointments. Doctor McKenzie, Doctor Popp being excellent examples of this who proactively seek out, talking to producers, be that at workshops or county meetings. And I think both of them will attest to the fact that going and talking to producers is rewarding on two fronts.

00;12;56;26 – 00;13;16;19
Dr. Nalley
First, you get to see your research in action, but just as importantly, as you get feedback about what’s not right about that research. So you’re not only addressing a current problem, but you’re improving your own research. And that feedback mechanism is vitally important for impactful research.

00;13;16;21 – 00;13;44;13
Riley Smith
That was, great insight. Last big question I have for you. So as head of the, department ag issues in Arkansas, what are some issues that you see concerning agric Arkansas Agriculture for 2025? This could be policy issues. This could be commodity market issues. This could be anything. What do you see from the, university side?

00;13;44;15 – 00;14;10;19
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. So, I mean, I think in the, the, the forefront of a lot of people’s mind right now is avian influenza. Right. And we’re very fortunate, to have a dedicated poultry economist on staff, here at the U of A and Jada Thompson has done fantastic work. And she’s another example of someone who does not have an extension appointment but is very proactive working with producers.

00;14;10;21 – 00;14;40;29
Dr. Nalley
So Doctor Thompson is working on projects about the control and eradication, the economics behind that. Right. So this is very reactive research, but it has to be. Right. So she’s also working with Andrew Anderson, who doesn’t have a formal attention appointment about the consumer impacts of avian influenza in Arkansas. She’s looking at proactively she’s looking at how avian influenza affects concentration and regionalization of the poultry industry.

00;14;41;01 – 00;15;09;27
Dr. Nalley
Furthermore, she’s working with the Cornell vet school, trying to establish how avian influenza prices flow through the wholesaler to the consumer. So kind of every aspect of the economics behind avian influenza and how it affects consumers and producers, doctor Thompson and other people in our staff are actively researching. Right. Because this this poultry is very, near and dear to Arkansas.

00;15;09;27 – 00;15;30;28
Dr. Nalley
It’s hard. And we’re with Tyson in our backyard. It’s a big part of our agricultural GDP. And so, unfortunately, you know, it’s a it’s a problem. But fortunately, we we have an expert who is dedicating a large portion of her time to both try to understand how it’s affecting consumers, because that’s what you read in the news, right?

00;15;30;28 – 00;15;51;16
Dr. Nalley
But also understanding how producers can get through this because their livelihoods, if that price goes up by 30%, that’s a dent in my wallet. It’s a small dent, but it’s a massive impact to the industry. So Doctor Thompson’s taken a very active role in looking at both the consumer and producer aspects of avian influenza.

00;15;51;19 – 00;16;14;28
Riley Smith
It’s kind of like, I’ve got the mayo with Hunter. Doctor Byrum. I, I’ve got to learn a lot about crop insurance, and that’s a lot like now in the, in the, crop world. You know, a lot of guys are starting to utilize subsidies and starting to utilize crop insurance because it’s just the market price of everything is so low comparative to the input price.

00;16;14;28 – 00;16;40;28
Riley Smith
And so now people are not want to call them insurant farmers, because that’s a bad word. But now everybody’s starting to utilize crop insurance and understand that that’s what’s saving them. And, you know, it don’t affect as it did. And like the, before my time back in the 80s, in the 90s, you know, you had insurance farmers, you had people that were, you know, buying a piece of dirt that they knew that was going to get flooded and get the insurance money off.

00;16;40;28 – 00;16;55;14
Riley Smith
The one that used to just that would affect an individual now and affects the county, you know, and that’s kind of the same principle is it affects everybody. I certainly can take an insurance, you know.

00;16;55;17 – 00;17;19;09
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. I mean, I think piggybacking onto that, another major issue, that really you’re well aware of is the insanely thin margin row crop producer space in 2025, right? I think that is I mean, for me, not even I don’t own land, I don’t farm. But just reading and seeing the numbers, it was it scares the pants off me.

00;17;19;09 – 00;17;49;08
Dr. Nalley
I can’t imagine being in that situation. So our department does a lot to to address that. So, Riley, you’re involved with with Briana on producing the crop enterprise budgets. Right. Unfortunately this year they’re not producing good news. But the bad news is important too, right. Like understanding why news is that is important. And so, why we develop these budgets, and producers see them and give a sense of what next year might look like.

00;17;49;10 – 00;18;28;05
Dr. Nalley
Banks also use that for, for loans. But as importantly, going back to my incorporation of the three legs of the land grant mission, that there’s probably six professors in Fayetteville who use those, all the time to really dictate their research. Right. And this year, myself, Doctor Pop, Doctor Durand, others. Definitely everyone in extension right at Hunter that that crop enterprise budget and what that forecast is a lot of our research is going to understanding why those margins are thin, what we can do to protect price, price risk.

00;18;28;07 – 00;18;50;03
Dr. Nalley
And leading into what you said, Riley, the crop insurance, we have a litany of people working on that. So, we have crop insurance, decision tools. We have Doctor Byram where the the fundamentals of crop insurance at Handbook. I know personally because I have to pay for the publication charges of that thing. That thing has been crazy.

00;18;50;03 – 00;19;17;23
Dr. Nalley
I mean, popular, right? I mean, they’re using that for policy in DC. Arkansas producers are using it, academics are using it. So, doctor Byram, doctor, Connor, doctor Loy, Doctor Rainey, Doctor Mitchell, we’re all pivotal parts of of establishing that and that now is kind of, the go to piece of literature for understanding crop insurance, which goes to your point about thin margins, right.

00;19;17;25 – 00;19;48;14
Dr. Nalley
Further, the added Michelle Fryer Price Risk Management Center of Excellence, headed by myself and doctor McKenzie were addressing these margins as well. Right. So, we look at doctor McKenzie is one of the the world experts in futures markets and commodity trading. A big milestone for him this year is he wrote a book, probably the seminal piece on that literature this year that will be published, that that helps other academics try to understand these thin margins as well.

00;19;48;16 – 00;20;13;25
Dr. Nalley
And ultimately, that will trickle down through the land grant mission to extension and research to try to provide these margins to the extent we can from happy to again further, Doctor Pop does a ton of work. Riley works with him on Decision Tools, to assist producers when making decisions. You know, specifically when times are tough, like, they look like they are in 2025.

00;20;13;25 – 00;20;30;10
Dr. Nalley
So, you know, he’s got a potash rate calculator. He’s got a, poultry solar analysis. He has a litany of decision tools that try to help producers make informed decisions. So even when margins are thin, we can squeeze as much as we can out of them.

00;20;30;12 – 00;21;09;02
Riley Smith
And something that I want to make noted is, as we’re sitting here talking about this, this interview was for you, but also how the university, the school itself, I know that the extension cooperative extension, University of Arkansas land Grant College, but how they intertwine with one another because I think there’s a lot of people that a lot of producers, I should say, a lot of growers look at, and some of them may have the misunderstanding that while the university in cooperative extension or separate and they’re not they the university does talk to producers.

00;21;09;02 – 00;21;38;20
Riley Smith
And these tools are not made from reading a book. They’re not they’re they’re actually made for producers, coming from producers that are issues that they deal with. So that way they can solve their issues. And that’s a huge thing when especially when you talk about those thin margins or you talk about about avian flu, influenza and, and, and the way the commodity markets input prices are right now, that’s going to affect producers.

00;21;38;22 – 00;22;04;17
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. I mean, so I have I have one Dean that I report to and two vice presidents, I have one boss and that’s the stakeholders of Arkansas. Right. And I think that is the mission that I am trying to get all my faculty to, to understand while we have deans and we have vice presidents, and we have chancellors, we have a boss, and that’s the stakeholders of Arkansas, and that’s who we’re working for right now.

00;22;04;18 – 00;22;26;20
Dr. Nalley
My boss evaluates me, but let me assure you, if I’m not doing something in the rice industry, the rice board and rice producers, well, they’re my ultimate boss, right? You know, and and on that, I think the other thing near and dear to my heart is rice. And so the the issue the rice industry is facing this year is it’s probably the worst quality rice crop we’ve ever had.

00;22;26;23 – 00;22;47;28
Dr. Nalley
Right. And I think for anyone who’s in the rice industry listening to this, this is something I’m not to that you already know. But the million has been a big problem in the US, specifically the Mid-South, for the last 6 to 7 years. It is a massive issue now. And so Doctor Durand, in my opinion, is the top rice economist in the entire world.

00;22;48;00 – 00;23;16;06
Dr. Nalley
I always say I was the second best rice economist in the US. The reason is, is there’s two of us, right? I don’t let people know that, but there’s there’s two of us. I were very fortunate at the University of Arkansas to have the top rice economist, not in the US, but in the world, on staff who is dedicated his career to looking at rice trade for US producers, and specifically Doctor Durand and I are focusing on now how this quality is going to impact our export market.

00;23;16;06 – 00;23;33;20
Dr. Nalley
And how we fix the problem. Is it segregation by hybrids versus pure lines? Is it selectively choosing what varieties can be grown because ultimately the rice is unique where it’s kind of fool’s gold. If you look out there and say my yield is going to be high and it mills to nothing.

00;23;33;20 – 00;23;58;21
Riley Smith
So and that’s what we ran into. We had a, the was week before last had an episode with Scott Stiles. So he’s got 30 plus years in an extension. And he was talking about the was the report, the January production numbers, the last production numbers they come out with. And it goes kudos to what you’re saying. The yield was extremely high.

00;23;58;21 – 00;24;12;08
Riley Smith
I think we had it corn, soybeans and rice. They all had a production yield year record year. But rice in particular, their milling quality was so bad that it did.

00;24;12;11 – 00;24;35;20
Dr. Nalley
It hearkens to 2010 right the record rice crop for yield. And until this year, the worst milling yield we’ve had. Right now, there’s only so many dogs we can feed broken rice to. Right. And so, you know, both on the proactive and reactive side of things, Doctor Duran and I are working reactively to try to solve this problem today of what to do with these broken.

00;24;35;25 – 00;25;01;26
Dr. Nalley
What markets can we get them into? Can we find new markets proactively? We’re trying to determine how to fix this problem for next year in the future. Right. Because, reactive research oftentimes can just be a Band-Aid on a broken arm. Proactive research extending that to how do we fix the issue? Diagnosing the cause is really what, the the golden goose is that’s a golden egg is finding out how do we prevent this from happening again?

00;25;01;26 – 00;25;23;19
Riley Smith
Right. And that’s a link in the chain because, I mean, that affects everything that affects the operating loan for the next year. That’s that impacts the finances. You know, that affects the enterprise budgets. That affects everything. But, Doctor Nalley, we’re running short on time here. But I appreciate your time today. Thank you for the insight.

00;25;23;19 – 00;25;31;25
Riley Smith
And everyone, thanks for listening. Dr. Nalley if you don’t have anything else, I think we’re going to wrap this up.

00;25;31;27 – 00;25;40;05
Dr. Nalley
Yeah. I just want to say that I’m excited to be a department head of a department who’s so dedicated to serving the stakeholders of Arkansas.

00;25;40;07 – 00;26;00;02
Riley Smith
I can tell you that the University of Arkansas, when I went there, that was the school that I picked that I wanted to do at a lot of different schools. And they definitely they definitely, when it comes to stakeholders and the growers of Arkansas, they’re definitely the first ones behind them. I can definitely go ahead and say that.

00;26;00;02 – 00;26;11;24
Riley Smith
But without that, without anything else, Dr. Nalley Thank you again for joining me today on, on this episode. And we’ll talk to you soon. Everybody stay tuned for my market report. All righty, ladies and gentlemen, coming at you with your March report, Commodity futures. March 25 Corn Current price is at $4.97 per bushel a month agos price was at $4.52 per bushel.

00;26;26;07 – 00;26;56;04
Riley Smith
That’s up $0.45 in a year agos price was at $4.47. That’s up $0.50. March 25 Rice current price is at $14.13 cwt , a month agos price is at $13.61 per cwt. That’s up $0.52. And a year agos price was at $18.11. That’s down $3.98. March 25 soybeans current price is at $10.61 per bushel month agos price is at $9.92 per bushel.

00;26;56;04 – 00;27;22;18
Riley Smith
That’s up $0.79. And a year ago price was at $12.03 per bushel. That’s down a $1.42. July 25 Wheat current price is at $5.88 per bushel. A month ago, price was at $5.66 per bushel. That’s up $0.22. And a year ago, price was at $6.14 per bushel. That’s down $0.26. March 25 cotton current price is at $0.67 per pound.

00;27;22;18 – 00;27;46;18
Riley Smith
Month ago, price was at $0.68 per pound. That’s down $0.02. And a year ago price was at $0.86. That’s down $0.20. Your weekly U.S average peanuts current price is at $500 per ton. A month ago was at $484 per ton, and that’s up $16 and a year ago price is at $526 per ton. That’s down $26 now for your fertilizer prices this week.

00;27;46;20 – 00;28;12;28
Riley Smith
The average stay the same year is at $492.50 per ton. Ammonium nitrites at $465 per ton, ammonium sulfates at $472.50 per ton. DAP is at $780.50 per ton, triple super phosphates at $704.50 per ton. Potash is at $438.50 per ton, and pellet lime is at $225 a ton this week. Your Diesel prices this week off road diesel is at $2.75 per gallon.

00;28;12;28 – 00;28;32;12
Riley Smith
Highway diesel is $3.31 per gallon. And your Mississippi River level at Memphis, Tennessee this week. Your current levels at -2.9ft and a year ago was at 18.68ft. Want to thank you all again for joining in on another episode of Morning Coffee and AG Markets. We hope you enjoyed it. We hope you enjoy the rest of your workweek and enjoyed your morning coffee this morning.

00;28;32;14 – 00;44;24;23
Riley Smith
So until next time we’ll catch y’all on the flip flop. Bye bye now!